Normal

• diagram
• seminiferous tubules
  • spermatogonium
  • primary spermatocyte
  • secondary spermatocyte (transient)
  • spermatid
  • Sertoli cells
• interstitium
  • leydig cells
• rete testis
• epididymis
• tunica
  • vaginalis = outer
  • albuginea = inner
• vas deferens

Non-neoplastic

• testicular torsion
• cavities
  • hydrocele
  • hemocele
  • spermatocele
  • varicocele
• infection
  • orchitis
  • epididymitis
  • malakoplakia
• other
  • microlithiasis
  • vasculitis
  • amyloidosis
  • atrophy
  • appendix testis
  • appendix epididymis
  • sarcoidosis
• vastectomy
  • sperm granuloma
  • vastitis nodosa
• congenital
  • cryptorchidism
  • anorchidism
  • polyorchism
  • splenogonadal fusion
  • adrenal rest
  • persistent mullerian duct
  • CAH
• Infertility
  • production
    • hypospermatogenesis
    • maturation arrest
    • sertoli only syndrome
  • genetics
    • Klinefelter syndrome
    • fragile X syndrome
  • mechanical
    • tubular sclerosis
    • interstitial fibrosis
    • duct obstruction
  • hormonal

germ cell tumors

sex cord stromal tumors

Other neoplasms

• Mixed GCT-SCT
  • gonadoblastoma
• Other tumors
  • rete testis adenoma
  • rete testis adenocarcinoma
  • mesothelioma
  • hematopoietic
    • lymphoma
    • plasmacytoma
  • surface epithelial
    • serous
    • mucinous
    • endometrioid
    • clear cell
    • transitional cell
  • metastasis
• paratesticular
  • adenomatoid tumor
  • mesothelioma
    • malignant mesothelioma
    • cystic mesothelioma
    • well differentiated papillary mesothelioma
  • nodular mesothelial hyperplasia
  • epididymis
    • epididymis papillary cystadenoma
    • epididymis adenocarcinoma
  • melanotic neuroectodermal tumor
  • desmoplastic small round cell tumor
  • soft tissue

TNM (useful for grossing)

• Tis: in situ
• T1: tunica albuginea limited (includes epididymis)
• T2: LVSI or tunica vaginalis involvement
• T3: spermatic cord involvement
• T4: scrotum involvement
• N1: <= 5 nodes, <= 2cm in diameter
• N2: > 5 nodes or > 2cm in diameter or extracapsular extension
• N3: > 5cm
• M1
  • M1a: nonregional node or pulmonary
  • M1b: other sites

Staging

• 0: Tis
• I: T1-4, SX, N0, M0
• IA: T1, S0, N0, M0
• IB: T2-4, S0, N0, M0
• IS: S1-3, N0, M0
• II: N1-3, SX, M0
• IIA: N1, S0-1, M0
• IIB: N2, S0-1, MO
• IIC: N3, S0-1, M0
• III: SX, (M1 or N1)
• IIIA: S0-1, M1
• IIIB: S2, (M1 or N1)
• IIIC: S3, (M1 or N1). Or M1b