pleura
 
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- mesothelium
- connective tissue
Non-neoplasticWHO neoplasms- mesothelioma
- adenomatoid tumor
- lymphoma
- primary effusion lymphoma
- pyothorax-associated lymphoma
- mesenchymal
- epithelioid hemangioendothelioma
- angiosarcoma
- synovial sarcoma
- solitary fibrous tumor
- calcifying tumor of the pleura
- desmoplastic round cell tumor
TNM (useful for grossing)- T1a: no visceral pleura involvement
- T1b: focal visceral pleura involvement
- T2
- confluent visceral pleural tumor (including fissure)
- diaphragmatic muscle invasion
- lung parenchyma invasion
- T3 (potentially resectable)
- endothoracic fascia invasion
- mediastinal fat invasion
- solitary tumor focus invading chest wall soft tissue
- non-transmural pericardium involvement
- T4 (unresectable)
- diffuse/multifocal chest wall soft tissue invasion
- rib involvement
- invasion through diaphragm to peritoneum
- mediastinum invasion
- contralateral pleura direct extension
- spine involvement
- internal surface of pericardium
- malignant pericardial effusion
- myocardium
- brachial plexus
- Regional nodes: intrathoracic, internal mammary, scalene, supraclavicular
- N1: ipsilateral bronchopulmonary or hilar
- N2
- subcarinal
- ipsilateral internal mammary or mediastinal
- N3
- contralateral mediastinal, internal mammary, hilar
- supraclavicular, scalene
Staging- IA: T1a
- IB: T1b
- II: T2
- III: T3 or N1
- IV: T4 or N3 or M1
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