treatment effect


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  • Clinical

    • radiation
    • topical: thiotepa, mitomycin C
    • systemic: cyclophosphamide, busulfan

  • Cytology

    • enlarged cells and nuclei, but NC ratio normal
    • single cells
    • vacuoles (cytoplasm and nuclear)
    • smudgy nuclei, relatively smooth contour and lack of hyperchromasia
    • chemotherapy: multinucleation
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