appendix
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- mucosa
- mucinous columnar epithelium
- MALT
- goblet cells
- paneth cells
- muscularis mucosa
- submucosa
- muscularis propria
- circular layer
- nerves
- longitudinal layer
- subserosa
- serosa
- mesoappendix
Non-neoplasticWHO neoplasms- adenoma
- tubular adenoma
- villous adenoma
- tubulovillous adenoma
- dysplasia
- serrated lesions
- hyperplastic polyp
- sessile serrated adenoma
- traditional serrated adenoma
- carcinoma
- neuroendocrine neoplasm
- carcinoid
- atypical carcinoid
- small cell carcinoma
- large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
- mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma
- serotonin-producing neuroendocrine carcinoma
- goblet cell carcinoid
- glucagon-like peptide producing neuroendocrine carcinoma
- tubular carcinoid
- mesenchymal
- hematolymphoid
- metastasis
TNM (useful for grossing)- carcinoma
- Tis: in situ or lamina propria invasion
- T1: submucosa invasion
- T2: muscularis invasion
- T3: subserosa or mesoappendix
- T4: serosa perforation or adjacent organ invasion
- T4a: serosa perforation, including mucinous peritoneal tumor in RLQ
- T4b: adjacent structure or organ invasion
- N1: 1-3 nodes
- N2: 4+ nodes
- M1: intraperitoneal metastasis beyond RLQ, including pseudomyxoma peritonei
- M2: nonperitoneal metastasis
- carcinoid
- T1: size <= 2 cm
- T1a: size <= 1 cm
- T1b: size <= 2 cm
- T2: size <= 4 cm or cecum extension
- T3: size > 4 cm or ileum extension
- T4: serosa perforation or adjacent structure invasion
Staging- carcinoma
- 0: Tis
- I: T1-2
- IIA: T3
- IIB: T4a
- IIC: T4b
- IIIA: T1-2 N1
- IIIB: T3-4 N1
- IIIC: N2
- IVA: N0 M1a G1
- IVB: N0 M1a G2-4 or N1-2 M1a
- IVC: M1b
- carcinoid
- I: T1
- II: T2-3
- III: T4 or N1
- IV: M1
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